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ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
24Bit 96kHz ADC
AK5381
GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AK5381 is a stereo A/D Converter with wide sampling rate of 4kHz 96kHz and is suitable for High-end audio system. The AK5381 achieves high accuracy and low cost by using Enhanced dual bit techniques. The AK5381 requires no external components because the analog inputs are single-ended. The audio interface has two formats (MSB justified, I2S) and can correspond to many systems like music instrument and AV receiver.
FEATURES Stereo ADC On-Chip Digital Anti-Alias Filtering Single-ended Input Digital HPF for DC-Offset cancel S/(N+D): 96dB@5V for 48kHz DR: 106dB@5V for 48kHz S/N: 106dB@5V for 48kHz Sampling Rate Ranging from 4kHz to 96kHz Master Clock: 256fs/384fs/512fs/768fs ( 48kHz) 256fs/384fs ( 96kHz) Audio Interface: Master or Slave Mode selectable Input level: TTL/CMOS selectable AK5381 does not support TTL level mode at fs=48kHz to 96kHz. Output format: 24bit MSB justified / I2S selectable Power Supply: 4.5 5.5V (VA) 2.7 5.5V (VD at 48kHz) 3.0 5.5V (VD at 96kHz) Ta = -40 85C (VT), -20 85C (ET) Small 16pin TSSOP Package AK5380 Pin-compatible
VA AGND VD DGND MCLK
Clock Divider AINL Modulator Modulator Voltage Reference Decimation Filter Decimation Filter Serial I/O Interface
LRCK SCLK
AINR
SDTO
VCOM
CKS2 CKS1 CKS0
PDN
DIF
MS0200-E-02 -1-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
Ordering Guide
AK5381ET AK5381VT AKD5381 -20 +85C 16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch) -40 +85C 16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch) Evaluation Board for AK5381
Pin Layout
AINR AINL CKS1 VCOM AGND VA VD DGND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Top View
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
CKS0 CKS2 DIF PDN SCLK MCLK LRCK SDTO
Compatibility with AK5380
AK5380 Not Available Not Available 4kHz to 96kHz 2.2V 4.5 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz NC TTL TST AK5381 Available Available 4kHz to 48kHz 2.4V 3.0 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz CKS1 CKS2 CKS0
Master Mode HPF OFF TTL Level Mode VIH@TTL Level Mode VD (Digital Supply) Pin #3 Pin #15 Pin #16
MS0200-E-02 -2-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
PIN / FUNCTION
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pin Name AINR AINL CKS1 VCOM AGND VA VD DGND SDTO LRCK MCLK SCLK PDN DIF CKS2 CKS0 I/O I I I O O I/O I I/O I I I I Function Rch Analog Input Pin Lch Analog Input Pin Mode Select 1 Pin Common Voltage Output Pin, VA/2 Bias voltage of ADC input. Analog Ground Pin Analog Power Supply Pin, 4.5 5.5V Digital Power Supply Pin, 2.7 5.5V(fs=4k 48kHz), 3.0 5.5V(fs=48k 96kHz) Digital Ground Pin Audio Serial Data Output Pin "L" Output at Power-down mode. Output Channel Clock Pin "L" Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode. Master Clock Input Pin Audio Serial Data Clock Pin "L" Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode. Power Down Mode Pin "H": Power up, "L": Power down Audio Interface Format Pin "H" : 24bit I2S Compatible, "L" : 24bit MSB justified Mode Select 2 Pin Mode Select 0 Pin
Note: All digital input pins should not be left floating.
MS0200-E-02 -3-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1) Parameter Symbol Power Supplies: Analog VA Digital VD |AGND - DGND| (Note 1) GND Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies IIN Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR, CKS1 pins) VINA Digital Input Voltage (All digital input pins except CKS1 pin) VIND Ambient Temperature (powered applied) AK5381ET Ta AK5381VT Ta Storage Temperature Tstg
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground. Note 2. AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
min -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -20 -40 -65
max 6.0 6.0 0.3 10 VA+0.3 VD+0.3 85 85 150
Units V V V mA V V C C C
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1) Parameter Symbol min typ Power Supplies Analog VA 4.5 5.0 (Note 3) Digital (fs=4kHz to 48kHz) VD 2.7 5.0 Digital (fs=48kHz to 96kHz) VD 3.0 5.0
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground. Note 3. The power up sequence between VA and VD is not critical.
max 5.5 VA VA
Units V V V
WARNING: AKM assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
MS0200-E-02 -4-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25C; VA=VD=5.0V; AGND=DGND=0V; fs=48kHz, 96kHz; SCLK=64fs; Signal Frequency=1kHz; 24bit Data; Measurement frequency=20Hz 20kHz at fs=48kHz, 40Hz 40kHz at fs=96kHz; unless otherwise specified) Parameter min typ max Units ADC Analog Input Characteristics: Resolution 24 Bits Input Voltage (Note 4) 2.7 3.0 3.3 Vpp S/(N+D) (-1dBFS) fs=48kHz 88 96 dB fs=96kHz 82 90 dB DR (-60dBFS) fs=48kHz, A-weighted 100 106 dB fs=96kHz 94 102 dB S/N fs=48kHz, A-weighted 100 106 dB fs=96kHz 94 102 dB Input Resistance fs=48kHz 10 15 k fs=96kHz 6 9 k Interchannel Isolation 90 110 dB Interchannel Gain Mismatch 0.1 0.5 dB Gain Drift 100 150 ppm/C Power Supply Rejection (Note 5) 50 dB
Power Supplies Power Supply Current Normal Operation (PDN pin = "H") VA VD (fs=48kHz) VD (fs=96kHz) Power down mode (PDN pin = "L") VA+VD
16 8 14 (Note 6) 10
24 12 21 100
mA mA mA A
Note 4. This value is the full scale (0dB) of the input voltage. Input voltage is proportional to VA voltage. Vin = 0.6 x VA (Vpp). Note 5. PSR is applied to VA and VD with 1kHz, 50mVpp. Note 6. All digital input pins are held VD or DGND.
MS0200-E-02 -5-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=48kHz) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=2.7 5.5V) Parameter Symbol min typ ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF): Passband (Note 7) 0.005dB PB 0 0.02dB 21.768 -0.06dB 22.0 -6.0dB 24.0 Stopband SB 26.5 Passband Ripple PR Stopband Attenuation SA 80 Group Delay Distortion GD 0 Group Delay (Note 8) GD 27.6 ADC Digital Filter (HPF): Frequency Response (Note 7) -3dB FR 1.0 -0.5dB 2.9 -0.1dB 6.5
max 21.5 0.005
Units kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz dB dB s 1/fs Hz Hz Hz
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=96kHz) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=3.0 5.5V) Parameter Symbol min typ ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF): Passband (Note 7) 0.005dB PB 0 0.02dB 43.536 -0.06dB 44.0 -6.0dB 48.0 Stopband SB 53.0 Passband Ripple PR Stopband Attenuation SA 80 Group Delay Distortion GD 0 Group Delay (Note 8) GD 27.6 ADC Digital Filter (HPF): Frequency Response (Note 7) -3dB FR 2.0 -0.5dB 5.8 -0.1dB 13.0
max 43.0 0.005
Units kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz dB dB s 1/fs Hz Hz Hz
Note 7. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs. The reference frequency of these responses is 1kHz. Note 8. The calculated delay time induced by digital filtering. This time is from the input of an analog signal to the setting of 24bit data both channels to the ADC output register for ADC.
MS0200-E-02 -6-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
DC CHARACTERISTICS (CMOS Level Mode) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=2.7 5.5V@fs=4kHz 48kHz, VD=3.0 5.5V@fs=96kHz) Parameter Symbol min typ max High-Level Input Voltage VIH 70%VD Low-Level Input Voltage VIL 30%VD High-Level Output Voltage (Iout=-100A) VOH VD-0.5 Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout=100A) VOL 0.5 Input Leakage Current Iin 10
Units V V V V A
DC CHARACTERISTICS (TTL Level Mode) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=4.5 5.5V@fs=4kHz 48kHz) Parameter Symbol min typ High-Level Input Voltage (CKS2-0 pins) VIH 70%VD (All pins except CKS2-0 pins) VIH 2.4 Low-Level Input Voltage (CKS2-0 pins) VIL (All pins except CKS2-0 pins) VIL High-Level Output Voltage (Iout=-100A) VOH VD-0.5 Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout=100A) VOL Input Leakage Current Iin -
max 30%VD 0.8 0.5 10
Units V V V V V V A
MS0200-E-02 -7-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (fs=4kHz 48kHz) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=2.7 5.5V; CL=20pF) Parameter Symbol min typ Master Clock Timing Frequency fCLK 1.024 Pulse Width Low tCLKL 0.4/fCLK Pulse Width High tCLKH 0.4/fCLK LRCK Frequency fs 4 Duty Cycle Slave mode 45 Master mode 50 Audio Interface Timing Slave mode SCLK Period tSCK 160 SCLK Pulse Width Low tSCKL 65 Pulse Width High tSCKH 65 LRCK Edge to SCLK "" (Note 9) tLRSH 30 SCLK "" to LRCK Edge (Note 9) tSHLR 30 LRCK to SDTO (MSB) (Except I2S mode) tLRS SCLK "" to SDTO tSSD Master mode SCLK Frequency fSCK 64fs SCLK Duty dSCK 50 SCLK "" to LRCK tMSLR -20 SCLK "" to SDTO tSSD
Reset Timing PDN Pulse Width (Note 10) PDN "" to SDTO valid at Slave Mode (Note 11) PDN "" to SDTO valid at Master Mode (Note 11) tPD tPDV tPDV 150 4132 4129
max 36.864
Units MHz ns ns kHz % %
48 55
35 35
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Hz % ns ns ns 1/fs 1/fs
20 35
Note 9. SCLK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge. Note 10. The AK5381 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin = "L". Note 11. This cycle is the number of LRCK rising edges from the PDN pin = "H".
MS0200-E-02 -8-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (fs=48kHz 96kHz) (Ta=Tmin Tmax; VA=4.5 5.5V; VD=3.0 5.5V; CL=20pF; CMOS Level Mode only) Parameter Symbol min typ Master Clock Timing Frequency fCLK 12.288 Pulse Width Low tCLKL 0.4/fCLK Pulse Width High tCLKH 0.4/fCLK LRCK Frequency fs 48 Duty Cycle Slave mode 45 Master mode 50 Audio Interface Timing Slave mode SCLK Period tSCK 160 SCLK Pulse Width Low tSCKL 65 Pulse Width High tSCKH 65 LRCK Edge to SCLK "" (Note 9) tLRSH 30 SCLK "" to LRCK Edge (Note 9) tSHLR 30 LRCK to SDTO (MSB) (Except I2S mode) tLRS SCLK "" to SDTO tSSD Master mode SCLK Frequency fSCK 64fs SCLK Duty dSCK 50 SCLK "" to LRCK tMSLR -20 SCLK "" to SDTO tSSD Reset Timing tPD PDN Pulse Width (Note 10) 150 tPDV 4132 PDN "" to SDTO valid at Slave Mode (Note 11) tPDV 4129 PDN "" to SDTO valid at Master Mode (Note 11)
Note 9. SCLK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge. Note 10. The AK5381 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin = "L". Note 11. This cycle is the number of LRCK rising edges from the PDN pin = "H".
max 36.864
Units MHz ns ns kHz % %
96 55
35 35
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Hz % ns ns ns 1/fs 1/fs
20 35
MS0200-E-02 -9-
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
Timing Diagram
1/fCLK VIH MCLK VIL tCLKH 1/fs VIH LRCK VIL tSCK VIH SCLK VIL tSCKH tSCKL
Clock Timing
tCLKL
VIH LRCK VIL tSHLR tLRSH VIH SCLK VIL tLRS tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Slave mode)
MS0200-E-02 - 10 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
LRCK
50%VD
tMSLR
dSCK 50%VD
SCLK
tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Master mode)
VIH PDN VIL tPDV
SDTO tPD PDN
50%VD
VIL
Power Down & Reset Timing
MS0200-E-02 - 11 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
OPERATION OVERVIEW System Clock
MCLK (256fs/384fs/512fs), SCLK and LRCK (fs) clocks are required in slave mode. The LRCK clock input must be synchronized with MCLK, however the phase is not critical. Table 1 shows the relationship of typical sampling frequency and the system clock frequency. MCLK frequency, SCLK frequency, HPF (ON or OFF), the input level (CMOS or TTL) and master/slave are selected by CKS2-0 pins as shown in Table 2. All external clocks (MCLK, SCLK and LRCK) must be present unless PDN pin = "L". If these clocks are not provided, the AK5381 may draw excess current due to its use of internal dynamically refreshed logic. If the external clocks are not present, place the AK5381 in power-down mode (PDN pin = "L"). In master mode, the master clock (MCLK) must be provided unless PDN pin = "L". fs 32kHz 44.1kHz 48kHz 96kHz MCLK 256fs 384fs 512fs 8.192MHz 12.288MHz 16.384MHz 11.2896MHz 16.9344MHz 22.5792MHz 12.288MHz 18.432MHz 24.576MHz 24.576MHz 36.864MHz N/A Table 1. System Clock Example Input Level CMOS CMOS CMOS CMOS TTL* CMOS CMOS HPF Master/Slave
768fs 24.576MHz 33.8688MHz 36.864MHz N/A
CKS2 L L L L H H H H
CKS1 L L H H L L H H
CKS0 L H L H L H L H
MCLK 256/384fs ( 96kHz) ON Slave 512/768fs ( 48kHz) 256/384fs ( 96kHz) OFF Slave 512/768fs ( 48kHz) ON Master 256fs ( 96kHz) ON Master 512fs ( 48kHz) 256fs/384/512/768fs ON Slave ( 48kHz) Reserved ON Master 384fs ( 96kHz) ON Master 768fs ( 48kHz) Table 2. Mode Select
SCLK 48fs or 32fs 48fs or 32fs 64fs 64fs 48fs or 32fs 64fs 64fs
Note: SDTO outputs 16bit data at SCLK=32fs. Note: The AK5381 does not support TTL interface at 96kHz.
Audio Interface Format
Two kinds of data formats can be chosen with the DIF pin (Table 3). In both modes, the serial data is in MSB first, 2's compliment format. The SDTO is clocked out on the falling edge of SCLK. The audio interface supports both master and slave modes. In master mode, SCLK and LRCK are output with the SCLK frequency fixed to 64fs and the LRCK frequency fixed to 1fs. Mode 0 1 DIF pin L H SDTO LRCK SCLK 24bit, MSB justified H/L 48fs or 32fs 24bit, I2S Compatible L/H 48fs or 32fs Table 3. Audio Interface Format Figure Figure 1 Figure 2
MS0200-E-02 - 12 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
LRCK
012 20 21 22 23 24 31 0 1 2 20 21 22 23 24 31 0 1
BICK(64fs) SDTO(o)
23 22 43210 23 22 43210 23
23:MSB, 0:LSB Lch Data Rch Data
Figure 1. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0123 21 22 23 24 25 012 21 22 23 24 25 01
BICK(64fs) SDTO(o)
23 22 43210 23 22 43210
23:MSB, 0:LSB Lch Data Rch Data
Figure 2. Mode 1 Timing
Digital High Pass Filter
The ADC has a digital high pass filter for DC offset cancellation. The cut-off frequency of the HPF is 1.0Hz (@fs=48kHz) and scales with sampling rate (fs). HPF is controlled by CKS2-0 pins (Table 2). If HPF setting (ON/OFF) is changed at operating, click noise occurs by changing DC offset. It is recommended that HPF setting is changed at PDN pin = "L".
MS0200-E-02 - 13 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
Power down
The AK5381 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing PDN pin "L" and the digital filter is also reset at the same time. This reset should always be done after power-up. In the power-down mode, the VCOM are AGND level. An analog initialization cycle starts after exiting the power-down mode. Therefore, the output data SDTO becomes available after 4129 cycles of LRCK clock in master mode or 4132 cycles of LRCK clock in slave mode. During initialization, the ADC digital data outputs of both channels are forced to a 2's complement "0". The ADC outputs settle in the data corresponding to the input signals after the end of initialization (Settling approximately takes the group delay time).
(1)
PDN Internal State A/D In (Analog) A/D Out (Digital) Clock In
MCLK,LRCK,SCLK
Normal Operation GD (2)
Power-down
Initialize
Normal Operation GD
Idle Noise
(3) "0"data
"0"data
Idle Noise
(4)
Notes: (1) 4132/fs in slave mode and 4129/fs in master mode. (2) Digital output corresponding to analog input has the group delay (GD). (3) A/D output is "0" data at the power-down state. (4) When the external clocks (MCLK, SCLK, LRCK) are stopped, the AK5381 should be in the power-down state. Figure 3. Power-down/up sequence example
System Reset
The AK5381 should be reset once by bringing PDN pin "L" after power-up. In slave mode, the internal timing starts clocking by the rising edge (falling edge at mode 1) of LRCK after exiting from reset and power down state by MCLK. The AK5381 is power down state until LRCK is input. In master mode, the internal timing starts when MCLK is input.
MS0200-E-02 - 14 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4 shows the system connection diagram. An evaluation board is available which demonstrates application circuits, the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
10u + + 10u
Rch In Lch In
1 AINR 2 AINL
CKS0 16 CKS2 15 DIF 14 Mode Control
3 CKS1 2.2u 0.1u 4 VCOM + 5 AGND
AK5381
PDN 13 SCLK 12 MCLK 11 LRCK 10 SDTO 9
Reset
Analog 5V
+ 10u + 10u
0.1u
6 VA 7 VD
Audio Controller
0.1u
8 DGND
Analog Ground
System Ground
Note: - AGND and DGND of the AK5381 should be distributed separately from the ground of external digital devices (MPU, DSP etc.). - All input pins except pull-down pin should not be left floating. - The CKS1 pin should be connected VA or AGND. Figure 4. Typical Connection Diagram
Digital Ground
Analog Ground
1
AINR AINL CKS1 VCOM AGND VA VD DGND
CKS0 16 CKS2 15 DIF 14
System Controller
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AK5381
PDN 13 SCLK 12 MCLK 11 LRCK 10 SDTO 9
Figure 5. Ground Layout Note: - AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
MS0200-E-02 - 15 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling The AK5381 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. VA and VD are usually supplied from the analog supply in the system. Alternatively if VA and VD are supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. AGND and DGND of the AK5381 must be connected to analog ground plane. System analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies are brought onto the printed circuit board. Decoupling capacitors should be as near to the AK5381 as possible, with the small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest. 2. Voltage Reference The voltage input to VA sets the analog input range. VCOM are 50%VA and normally connected to AGND with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor. An electrolytic capacitor 2.2F parallel with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor attached to VCOM pin eliminates the effects of high frequency noise. No load current may be drawn from these pins. All signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the VCOM pin in order to avoid unwanted coupling into the AK5381. 3. Analog Inputs The ADC inputs are single-ended and internally biased to the common voltage (50%VA) with 15k(typ) resistance. The input signal range scales with the supply voltage and nominally 0.6xVA Vpp(typ). The ADC output data format is 2's complement. The DC offset is removed by the internal HPF. The AK5381 samples the analog inputs at 64fs. The digital filter rejects noise above the stop band except for multiples of 64fs. The AK5381 includes an anti-aliasing filter (RC filter) to attenuate a noise around 64fs.
MS0200-E-02 - 16 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
PACKAGE
16pin TSSOP (Unit: mm)
*5.00.1 1.050.05
16
9 *4.40.1 A 6.40.2 0.170.05 Detail A 0.10.1 0-10 0.50.2 0.10
Epoxy Cu Solder (Pb free) plate 2006/01 - 17 -
1 0.220.1
8 0.65
0.13 M
Seating Plane
NOTE: Dimension "*" does not include mold flash.
Material & Lead finish
Package molding compound: Lead frame material: Lead frame surface treatment:
MS0200-E-02
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
MARKING (AK5381VT)
AKM 5381VT XXYYY
1) 2)
3)
Pin #1 indication Date Code : XXYYY (5 digits) XX: Lot# YYY: Date Code Marketing Code : 5381VT
MS0200-E-02 - 18 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
MARKING (AK5381ET)
AKM 5381ET XXYYY
4) 5)
6)
Pin #1 indication Date Code: XXYYY (5 digits) XX: Lot# YYY: Date Code Marketing Code: 5381ET
MS0200-E-02 - 19 -
2006/01
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5381]
Revision History
Date (YY/MM/DD) 03/01/24 04/04/19 Revision 00 01 Reason First Edition Added Explanation Page P.4 Contents ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR pins) Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR, CKS1 pins) Digital Input Voltage (All digital input pins) Digital Input Voltage (All digital input pins except CKS1 pin) DC CHARACTERISTICS (CMOS Level Mode) High-Level Output Voltage (Iout=-20A) High-Level Output Voltage (Iout=-100A) Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout=20A) Low-Level Output Voltage (Iout=100A) Ordering Guide AK5381ET was added. MARKING AK5381ET was added.
Error Correct
P.7
06/01/11
02
Spec Addition
P.2 P.19
IMPORTANT NOTICE * These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. Before considering any use or application, consult the Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. (AKM) sales office or authorized distributor concerning their current status. * AKM assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the application or use of any information contained herein. * Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. * AKM products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system, and AKM assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except with the express written consent of the Representative Director of AKM. As used here: a. A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. b. A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. * It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an AKM product who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold AKM harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
MS0200-E-02 - 20 -
2006/01

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